Bonsai is one of the excellent Chinese traditional arts, which originated in China over a thousand years ago and was adopted and refined by Japanese over centuries. It is an artwork that uses live plants and rocks as basic materials to grow miniature trees in containers to display natural landscapes. Bonsai trees use plants, rocks, soil, water, and other materials, through artistic creation and horticultural cultivation, to mimic the shape and scale of full-sized trees and create a beautiful miniature scenery of nature in a container, achieving the artistic effect of harmony in a small form. It expresses profound artistic conception through scenery, like a three-dimensional and miniature version of landscape scenic area.
Generally speaking, there are two types of bonsais: Tree bonsai and Landscape bonsai. Creating a bonsai involves some basic elements: landscape, pot, and frame, which are interrelated and affect each other. People praise bonsai as a "Three-dimensional painting" and a "Silent poem". There are several techniques to make bonsai, pruning, wiring, and repotting. Pruning is to control the size and shape of the tree, wiring helps to guide the branches and trunks' growth and create desired bends and curves. Repotting is to make sure of root development and to provide with fresh & nutrient soil.
Bonsai trees are used to grown from various species including deciduous trees, evergreens, and flowering trees. The common types of bonsai trees are Pine, Maple, Ficus, Juniper, Buxus, Elm, Serissa, Azalea, Lagerstroemia, Camellia, Bamboo, Cherry-apple, etc…For indoor bonsai, tropical or subtropical species are recommended, while outdoor bonsai have a wide range of options including many non-tropical trees. Each bonsai species has unique requirements for cultivation, training, and care, therefore it is crucial to identify the species for its proper maintenance. For bonsai beginners, it is recommended to try Juniper & ficus, which is resilience and can tolerate heavy pruning. There are about 160 species of trees that have been used as bonsai trees. It can be categorized into various styles, including upright, slanted, curved, lying, cliff, cascade, withered trunk, roots attached, stones attached, and jungle, etc…Each style has its own characteristics and represents a different form and aesthetic appeal.
Bonsai trees are used to be planted in shallow containers called bonsai pots or trays. The materials of container include ceramic, clay, and plastic. Make sure the container should be suited for the tree's style and provide drainage for their health. Regular watering, fertilization, and repotting every couple of years are essential for the health growth of bonsai. Regular pruning will help maintain their desired shape, and misting the leaves can increase humidity to mimic the tree's natural habitat. The age of a bonsai greatly influences its value, the ancient bonsai trees are considered to carry a sense of history and wisdom.
Bonsai is a living art form combines aesthetics, cultivation techniques, and complexity of nature. It establishes the connection between humans and natural world for harmony.
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