Scientific name: Ficus Microcarpa
Plant Type: Evergreen tree
Genus: Ficus spp.
Family: Ficus Tree
Ficus Microcarpa is a medium-sized evergreen tree that can grow up to as tall as 15-25 meters. It has a spreading canopy with dense, glossy, leathery green leaves and light-gray bark. The matured trees often have special rusty brown aerial roots which are strong and extensive and suitable for assorted artistic bonsai cultivation. The ficus tree is widely planted as a shade tree for landscape. It is a popular choice for bonsai enthusiasts due to its small leaves, special aerial roots and ability to withstand heavy pruning. The flexible branches and aerial roots are suitable for shaping into various bonsai styles (like S shape, Cage shape, Vase Shape, Net shape, Waterfall shape, etc…), adding an artistic element to a garden or landscape. The trees are distributed in China, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, Japan, Papua New Guinea and Australia to the Karolin Islands. The Ficus microcarpa was rated as the provincial tree in Fujian Province and also rated as the city tree by Fuzhou and Ganzhou city.
In landscape design, Ficus trees can be used for ecological afforestation. For some unused empty spaces, it is highly recommended to plant the ficus trees due to its high survival rates and fast growth rate, which can quickly increase the area of landscape greening. Based on the adsorption and air purification properties of Ficus microcarpa, it can purify the air environment of gardens. Especially in some southern cities with rapid industrial development, there are too many harmful substances such as chlorine and sulfur dioxide in the air. Planting Ficus trees can not only add color to the overall landscape design, improve the diversity of garden species, but also adsorb and purify the air in the garden and city, allowing visitors to breathe fresh air while enjoying the scenery. In landscape architecture design, the small leaves Ficus tree is commonly used as a roadside tree because it has a larger canopy and lush branches and leaves during growth, also with less pests and diseases. Especially in the leisure area of the parks, gardens, and along the streets, planting some of these ficus trees to allow visitors to feel natural shade while resting. Its broad canopy can offer relief from the sun's heat and create a comfortable environment for outdoor activities or as a shelter for other plants.
Bougainvillea is a genus of woody flowering plants in the family Nyctaginaceae and well-suited for warm and tropical climates. It can grow to reach heights of 1 to 12 meters tall. It has thick and strong stems with colorful bracts, which we used to mistake it for petals/flowers. The bracts are papery and come in a variety of colors, like pink, purple, magenta, red, orange, yellow, white and some hybrids variety in bi-colored. The actual flowers are inconspicuous, small and white, surrounded by the bracts. Depending on different varieties, Bougainvillea can be a climbing vine or a shrub. It is often used to add a splash of color to gardens and can be trained to climb on trellises, fences, and walls. As a shrub, it can also be pruned and shaped into different styles, but it has thorny stems, need to handle with care in pruning. Their stunning and long-lasting bracts are very popular in gardens and landscape design. Bougainvillea is native to South America, and now mainly distributed in China, Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Japan, and Zambia. The floral language of Bougainvillea is passion, perseverance, and Tenacious. In many cultures, bougainvillea is regarded as a symbol of passion, love, and beauty. In Hawaii, it is used to make into leis to represent friendship and hospitality. Bougainvillea is the national flower of Grenada and is also celebrated in many other countries, including India, Thailand, and the Philippines.
Bougainvillea plant prefers moisture environments and hate sitting in water. It can tolerate high temperatures and periods of drought conditions, but cannot withstand cold and frost. The ideal growth temperature of the plant is 18-30 ℃, and it will only bloom when the temperature stabilizes above 15 ℃. The bloomed flowers can withstand low temperatures of 7-10 ℃, but it will get damage when the temperature drops below 3 ℃. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight daily to produce abundant blooms and keep the plant on the drier side can also encourage more blooms. Bougainvilla thrives in fertile soil and has strong resistance to infertility. It can grow on slightly acidic or slightly alkaline soil. Loose, well-drained and rich organic soil is helpful to its healthy growth. The main method of propagation for Bougainvillea is stem cuttings, layering, and division.
As a popular landscape tree, Bougainvillea enhances the aesthetic appeal. In Southern China, it is used to be planted in courtyards and parks, while in northern China, it is cultivated in greenhouses, making it become a beautiful ornamental plant. Bougainvillea, as a flowering plant with strong ornamental value, has a wide range of garden applications. The flexibility of its stems can be used to decorate garden corridors, landscape hanging, and road barriers.
With proper care and planning, bougainvillea can add a touch of urban greenery and transform landscape into a colorful and visually striking outdoor space.
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